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Friday, July 16, 2010

An assassinated Saudi King’s numismatic legacy retraced from a small denomination coin




Delving further into my pot of old collected coins; I came across another unique Islamic coin which I did not know from a scratch. However, I could however soon make out the King’s name written in Arabic on the obverse side above the heraldic symbol of the kingdom; aided by a date in presumably the Hijri era on the reverse to help me ascribe it to a specific country. The name inscribed on the coin is ‘Faisal-bin-Abd’ Al- Aziz Al Saud’ (left image) in the upper line in a continuous Arabic legend from right to left (see image) hinted that it was a coin from Saudi Arabia. The lower line read as ‘Mallik Al Mulk Al Arabia Al Saudia’ roughly translated as ‘King of the country of Saudi Arabia’ confirmed my initial impression.

Searching the internet for information, I discovered that King Faisal bin Abdul Aziz was born in 1904 in Riyadh and was the third son of the founder of the modern kingdom of Saudi Arabia, King Abdul Aziz ibn Saud, popularly known by his patronymic name Ibn Saud.
Although Faisal ruled Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975, he was initially installed as the Crown Prince and later was the Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia on two occasions under the kingship of his elder brother, Saud bin Abdul Aziz since 1953. However, after a prolonged struggle with Saud, he took over the reins of the kingdom in 1964 to pursue a semi-modernist path till his death on March 25 1975 at the hands of his half-brother's son, Faisal bin Musa'id in a public gathering. Faisal was succeeded by his half-brother, Khalid.
As a part of his pan-Islamic ideology which largely guided his foreign policy, Faisal developed a close alliance with Sunni Pakistan. He was very close to
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, the then Prime Minister of Pakistan. Many places in Pakistan were posthumously named in Faisal’s honour; Lyallpur city in Punjab Province was renamed as Faisalabad in 1979; the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad is also named after him; the main highway in Karachi was renamed ‘Shahrah-e-Faisal’ ‘The Royal Road of Faisal’, etc.
In fact, this coin owes its existence to this Saudi-Pakistani collaboration as it is said to have been minted at the Lahore Mint in Pakistan for the Saudi Government in large numbers in a singular date of 1392 A.H.
The reverse legend (right image) tells another tale which required some ingenious net searching on my part. The date on the reverse is 1392 A.H. which translates into 1972 A.D. The other legend in the circle at the centre reads as ‘Qirsh A’nain’ However, in my net searches I found that in Saudi Arabia this unit, Qirsh is pronounced as ‘Ghirsh’ in Saudi Arabia despite the use of the letter ‘Qaaf’; searching the names of Arabic numerals, I discovered Ath- nain is Arabic for ‘Two’ and hence the denomination was ‘Two Ghirsh’. The English and Arabic numerals flanking the circle suggest another denomination of ‘10’ which was intriguing. The Arabic word for ‘Ten’ is ‘Ash-Ra’ which is inscribed on the first part of the upper legend and the next word is ‘Halalat’ which I assumed is the name of the unit.
I searched the internet especially Wikipedia and found the following information about the Saudi Arabian currency system.
The Official currency of Saudi Arabia is the Saudi Riyal which is officially divided into two subunits 20 Ghirsh and 100 Halalas; making 1 Ghirsh equal to 5 Halalas. The Halala system was introduced only in 1963 (probably when Faisal was the Prime Minister for the second time) prior to which the Ghirsh was the only sub-division.
In 1972 under Faisal, cupro-nickel coins of 5, 10, 25 and 50 Halalas were introduced. Since then, the use of the term Ghirsh has slowly been abandoned as the Halala system of sub-division is more popular.
Thus, King Faisal was a pioneer in the field of Saudi currency as his leadership gave birth to a new numismatic sub-division which slowly replaced the old system in the next few decades.
Once again, a single coin opened a cornucopia of information for me based upon its Islamic method of systematic information dissemination through right deduction.

1 comment:

  1. As a part of his pan-Islamic ideology which largely guided his foreign policy, Faisal developed a close alliance with Sunni Pakistan..

    legacy coins

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